Data Types

In Python, every value has a specific data type. Understanding these types is crucial for writing efficient programs.

Common Data Types in Python

1. Integer (int)

Whole numbers, both positive and negative.

age = 25
temperature = -10

2. Floating-Point Number (float)

Numbers with decimal points.

price = 10.99
gravity = 9.81

3. String (str)

A sequence of characters enclosed in quotes.

name = "Alice"
greeting = 'Hello, world!'

4. Boolean (bool)

Represents True or False values.

is_sunny = True
has_license = False

5. List (list)

An ordered collection of items.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

6. Tuple (tuple)

An immutable (unchangeable) ordered collection.

coordinates = (10, 20)
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")

7. Dictionary (dict)

A collection of key-value pairs.

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}

8. Set (set)

An unordered collection of unique items.

unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5}  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Checking Data Types

We can check the type of a variable using type().

x = 10
print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>

Exercise: Try It Yourself!

1. Create a variable of each data type and print its type using type().
2. Convert a float to an integer using int(9.8). What happens?
3. Try modifying a tuple. What error do you get?